TOA Judiciary: Most Important Questions on BNSS (CrPC) – 2025 Edition

Are you preparing for Judiciary Exams 2025? Then mastering the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS) — the new procedural law replacing CrPC — is non-negotiable. This article presents the most important and frequently asked questions for judicial services, structured section-wise for clarity and smart study.

 

SECTION A: Historical Background & Key Definitions

1. What are some of the important changes that have been made in BNSS?
2. Write a brief history of criminal procedure in India.
3. Define the following terms as used in BNSS:
(i) Complaint
(ii) Inquiry
(iii) Police Report
(iv) Warrant case
(v) Cognizable offence
(vi) Judicial Proceeding
(vii) Summons case
(viii) Recording of evidence in the absence of accused
(ix) Sessions Court
(x) Public Prosecutor
(xi) CJM
(xii) Proclaimed offender
(xiii) Bail
(xiv) Bail bond
(xv) Electronic communication
(xvi) Sessions Judge
(xvii) Provisions for speedy trial

4. Distinguish between:
(i) Summons case and warrant case
(ii) Compoundable and non-compoundable offences
(iii) Discharge and acquittal

 SECTION B: Arrest, Detention & Police Powers

5. In what cases can a police officer arrest without a magistrate’s order or warrant?
6. What are the BNSS provisions regarding the search of an arrested person? Is it illegal if no grounds are given?
7. When can a private person arrest any other person?
8. Why can’t an arrested person resist medical examination under Section 51 BNSS?
9. What property may be seized by police without court order? What is the procedure afterward?
10. What is preventive arrest? When is it legal, and for how long can one be kept in custody

 

SECTION C: Compelling Appearance of Accused/Witness

10. State the processes to compel appearance of the accused or witnesses.
11. How is summons served on a government servant?
12. Write a short note on coercive steps to ensure attendance of accused.
13. Procedure against absconding person when a warrant is issued.
14. Write a note on Proclaimed Offender.
15. What is the next step if a warrant is not executed?
16. When can a warrant be issued instead of summons?
17. Can an accused be directed to produce a document? Under which law?
18. Who can order restoration of abducted/unlawfully detained woman or female child under 18?
19. Write a note on search warrant and production warrant.

 SECTION D: Security for Peace & Good Behaviour

20.When can a show cause notice under section 129 BNSS be issued? what is the procedure?
21.Who can require a person to execute bond under Section 126 BNSS?
22.Describe the procedure for taking security for good behaviour and peace.
24.When can a court order security for peace after conviction?

 

SECTION E: Maintenance

24. What are CrPC provisions regarding wife’s maintenance? Can the amount be changed?
25. When can Magistrate cancel a maintenance order?
26. When is wife not entitled to maintenance?
27. Can an illegitimate son be ordered to maintain his father?
28. Can a second wife, deceived into marriage, claim maintenance? What offence is committed?
29. Can a divorced wife claim maintenance? What is the maximum?
30. When can Magistrate set aside an ex parte order under Section 145 BNSS?
31. Maintenance claim by woman with disputed marital status and child (F v. M).
32. Write a short note on interim maintenance.

 

SECTION F: Executive Magistrate Powers

33. Conditional order for removal of nuisance (Section 152 BNSS).
34. Duration of order under Section 163 BNSS.
35. What issue can an Executive Magistrate decide under Section 164 BNSS?

SECTION G: FIR, Investigation & Evidence

37. Can FIR under Section 173 BNSS be used as substantive evidence?
38. Difference between Sections 156 and 200 CrPC.
39. Can a person being examined by police refuse to answer questions?
40. Who can record confession under Section 183 BNSS?
41.Can police remand be granted without producing accused?
42. Scope and limitation of case diary under Section 192 BNSS.
43. Notes on statements under Sections 180 and 183 BNSS.
44. What can a Magistrate do when a closure report is filed?
45. Law of remand under Section 187 BNSS.
46. What is FIR? What is its evidentiary value?
47. Can FIR be refused due to lack of territorial jurisdiction?
48. Procedure when investigation cannot be completed in 24 hours.
49. Place of trial in criminal cases — example of kidnapping at Delhi and concealment at Simla
50. Rule under Section 177 CrPC — trial in court with local jurisdiction.

SECTION H: Cognizance, Complaints & Inquiry

51. What is cognizance? How is it taken by Magistrate?
52. When can Magistrate or Sessions Judge take cognizance?
53. Is sanction under Section 197 CrPC required for offences by public servant?
54. Notes on complaint proceeding.
55. Meaning and process of taking cognizance.
56. Complaint vs challan case — which one to proceed with?
57. What is a petty offence under Section 206(2)?
58. Scope of inquiry under Section 202 CrPC.
59. Can protest petition be entertained after closure report is accepted?
60. Procedure in complaint cases.

 

 SECTION I: Charges & Joinder of Offences

61. Law relating to misjoinder of charges.
62. What is a charge? What are its essentials?
63. Is a defective charge fatal to conviction?
64. One charge for each offence —exceptions to this rule.
65. Can a person be tried at one trial for different offences in the same transaction?
66. At what stage can a court alter a charge?
67. Frame a charge under Section 326/149 IPC and Section 307 IPC.
68. Can case be reopened if victim dies after conviction for grievous hurt?

 SECTION J: Trial Procedure

69. Grounds for discharge by Sessions Court.
70. Is detailed speaking order required before framing charge?
71. Procedure in warrant trial.
72. Ways to speed up warrant case trials.
73. Procedure in warrant case upon police report.
74. Procedure in warrant case instituted on police report.
75. What is a summons case? Procedure for trial.
76. Effect of complainant’s death or absence in summons case.
77. Who can withdraw complaint? What is the effect?
78. Distinction between summons and warrant case trial.
79. Notes on judgment in summary trial.
80. What is summary trial? Can theft of Rs. 500 be tried summarily?

SECTION K: Plea Bargaining

81(a). What is plea bargaining? What is the process?
81(b). What if no satisfactory settlement is reached?

 

SECTION L: Miscellaneous Procedures

82. Who decides court language under BNSS?
83. Notes on recording evidence in absence of accused.
84. Notes on compounding of offences.
85. Notes on withdrawal from prosecution.
86. Can a person be tried again after acquittal/conviction for same offence?
87. Who is an approver? What are the legal provisions?
88. What if accused can’t afford pleader in Sessions Court?
89. Can Magistrate examine accused under Section 313 immediately after witness?
90. Who can commute sentence?
91. When is accused examined in trial? What questions are asked?
92. Short notes on “autrefois acquit” and “autrefois convict”
93. Role of presiding judge in criminal trial — not just a recording machine.
94. If some accused abscond and others acquitted, can trial be dropped later?
95. Is Section 359 BNSS exhaustive of compoundable cases?
96. Can offence be compounded if victim dies during trial?
97. When can Magistrate tender pardon? Must the approver be examined?
98. Mode of delivering judgment. Can it be changed after delivery?
99. What must a judgment contain? What language is used?

 

SECTION M: Sentencing, Appeals & Revision

100. Provisions for compensation for groundless arrest.
101. What are CrPC provisions regarding probation?
102. Provisions on probation under 1994 amendment.
103. Right of victim to compensation.
104. Minimum judges required for confirming death sentence.
105. “No appeal unless provided by law”— discuss.
106. Who can appeal against Sessions Court acquittal?
107. Appellate powers of High Court.
108. What are petty offences? Can state appeal against acquittal?
109. Can person appeal against 2-month sentence and Rs. 200 fine?
110. Distinguish between reference and revision.
111. Who submits death sentence to High Court? What are its powers?
112. What is an interlocutory order? Can revision lie against it?
113. Grounds of revision under BNSS.
114. Transfer application by accused before closing defence.
115. Dispute between courts of different states — who resolves?
116. Who transfers case between courts of two High Courts?
117. How is fine recovered?
118. Can detention period be set off against sentence?
119. Law relating to commutation of sentence.
120. Notes on remission and suspension of sentence.

SECTION N: Bail and Bond

121. When can bail be taken in non-bailable offence?
122. When can bail be granted? Remedies after refusal?
123. Principles for granting bail in bailable/non-bailable cases.
124. Difference between regular and anticipatory bail.
125. Can bail under Section 167(2) be cancelled after charge-sheet?
126. Procedure for forfeiture of bail/surety bonds. What if person is minor?
127. Can bail bond be forfeited if accused fails to appear in transferred court?
128. Can there be bail before arrest? Who can grant it? (RJS 1977)
129. Considerations for granting bail. When can it be cancelled?
130. Bail application for 16-year-old caught stealing. (DJS 2007)
131.Which court to approach for anticipatory bail? What are the guidelines?
132. Bail power of Metropolitan Magistrate in non-bailable cases.
133. When can bail be cancelled?

SECTION O: Property and Possession

134. Procedure for disposal of property after trial.
135. Law on restoring possession of immovable property

 

Why This BNSS Question Bank Is Important for You?

Curated for Judiciary Mains and Prelims
Includes important comparisons & practical scenarios
Updated for BNSS 2025 changes replacing CrPC
Covers maintenance, FIRs, investigation, plea bargaining, and bail law comprehensively
Designed by subject-matter experts at TOA Judiciary

 

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