Capital punishment in India and its various forms
The “Death Penalty” or “Capital Punishment” is the harshest punishment a society or democracy can impose in order to uphold law and order. But murdering another human being in the name of justice is just as bad. We should focus on stopping the crime, not on the perpetrator. We should amend the law to ensure law and order so that everyone can live in harmony with one another because “Life is valuable, and death is final.” According to the UN, murdering a person for the sake of justice also results in the death of humanity. Nobody has a right to determine that who will live or who will dies, but God has the power to determine who lives and who dies. rather of putting someone to death by hanging, we ought to use a different tactic known as the reformative technique so that the offender can change for the better and continue to live in peace. Introduction ‘Execution of a death sentence is referred to as “execution,” while a death sentence itself is referred to as a “death sentence.””. It is the Criminals who must be punished by the state in order to keep society’s law and order. The capital punishment is the judicially ordered execution of a person who has broken a specific law. The legal term “death penalty,” which is recognised by the government, refers to a person being put to death by the state as punishment for the crime he committed Execution of a death sentence is referred to as “execution,” while a death sentence itself is referred to as a “death sentence” Every time a court imposes a sentence, it does it in accordance with a theory or a premise. These beliefs, which go by the name “Theories of Punishment typically fall into one of five categories: The deterrent theory Restructuring Theory Theoretical Precautions Theoretical Retribution The Expiation Theory In the United Nations (UN), where the death penalty is viewed as a violation of human rights, the phrase “Abolition of Death Penalty” is one of the most frequently discussed themes. The Reformative Theory of Punishment was given more weight by the UN than the Deterrent Theory of Punishment. In Rajendra Prasad v. State of Uttar Pradesh, Justice V.R. Krishna Iyer made This remark: “The specific cause must relate, not to the crime, but to the offender. Criminal not deserve the death penalty. Acc.to ABDUL KALAM :- “Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam said, ” We are all the products of God. I’m not convinced whether a human-made mechanism is capable of ending a life based on fabricated evidence. – The legality of the death penalty in India under Constitution The question of the death penalty has long been divisive everywhere in the world. The death sentence is applied in India for the most serious, heinous, and egregious offenses, such as murder, war against the government, etc., according to the Indian Penal Code. Article 21 of the Indian Constitution states that everyone has the “right to life,” which shall not be denied to anyone. The president has the power to exercise mercy when the death sentence is involved. The President of India has the power to commute, alleviate, postpone, or otherwise alter a conviction for the death penalty under Article 72 of the Indian Constitution. Once a person has been found guilty and sentenced to death, Article 72 of the Indian Constitution gives the President the authority to commute, relieve, postpone, or otherwise modify a death penalty conviction. Once a defendant has been found guilty and given a death sentence so the President has power to dismiss the death penalty Once a criminal has been convicted and sentenced to death, Case laws Jagmohan Singh VS State of Uttar Pradesh[1]– The Supreme Court in this case rejected the claim that the same violated Article 19 of the Indian Constitution, which protects the “right to life.” Rajendra Prasad VS State of U.P It was emphatically emphasised by Justice Krishna Iyer that the death sentence is against Articles 14, 19, and 21. Bachan Singh VS State of Punjab– One year after Rajendra Prasad v. State of U.P the same case set as a The Supreme Court reversed the ruling in the aforementioned case by vote of 4:1 by Justice Bhagwati. there was argued that the term is “public order” designed in Article-19(2) to Article-19(4) is different from “law and order” and also introduced the principle of award with death penalty in “rarest cases,” despite the facts that it violation Articles 14, 19, and 21. The Supreme Court acknowledged Article 21 as the State is authority to take someone’s life. The Delhi gangrape case, which requested the guilty be given the death penalty, Machchi Singh VS State of Punjab– The Supreme Court established guidelines for whether the death penalty may be applied, taking into account the crime’s gravity, victim’s type, and whether it was committed in social anti-social manner in Capital punishment. Kidnapping that does not result to death– “• Aggravated murder: According to Section 302 of the Indian Penal Code, 1860, this crime carries a death sentence.[5] Treason – A person who attempts to overthrow the government or aids members of the armed forces in doing so may get the death penalty. Offences related to terrorism that don’t result to death– Use of explosives that can cause explosion and threaten life/cause damage to property. For instance, Muhammad Afzal was hanged on February 9, 2013, in retaliation for the attack on the Indian parliament in December 2001, which saw five men carrying bombs kill nine people. Rape that does not result to death – Under the Criminal Law Act of 2013, a perpetrator who causes harm during a sexual assault that results in the victim’s death may be executed. As a result of the Delhi gangrape case, gang rapes are now also punishable by the death penalty. According to the 2018 Criminal Law Ordinance, anyone found guilty of raping a child younger than 12 years old faces a death sentence or a…
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